Function set_test_exclusive_hold_for_testing 

pub async fn set_test_exclusive_hold_for_testing(
    conn: &mut PgConnection,
    user_id: Uuid,
    course_id: Option<Uuid>,
    held_until: DateTime<Utc>,
) -> ModelResult<()>

Excuses every one of a user’s rows (or, with course_id, just that course’s) from every unscoped claim until held_until; a scoped claim ignores every hold regardless. Keyed on identity rather than a row id so a spec can hold before materialize creates the row it means to protect, closing the window a row-id hold could only ever narrow: the live background worker ticks every 10s regardless of any single test, so a hold applied after the row exists still races the worker’s own next tick.

Exists only for test setup: nothing in the product ever needs to hide a user’s rows from the worker that owns them.